People commonly carry group A streptococcus in their throat or on their skin and have no symptoms of illness. At times, group A streptococcus bacteria can cause mild illness such as strep throat or impetigo minor skin infection. On rare occasion, serious illness can occur when the group A streptococcus bacteria invade parts of the body such as the blood or tissue around the muscle invasive disease.
Two of the more severe forms of invasive disease are necrotizing fasciitis flesh eating bacteria and Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome a rapidly progressive infection causing shock and multi-organ failure. The bacteria spreads by direct contact with nose and throat mucus discharge from an infected individual or through direct contact with an infected wound on the skin. Persons ill with group A streptococcus, such as those with strep throat or skin infections are most likely to spread infection.
Those who carry the bacteria but have no symptoms are much less contagious. People are not contagious after they have been treated with an appropriate antibiotic for 24 hours or longer, however, it is important to take all the prescribed antibiotics. Casual contact as in work and school and household items like plates, cups, toys, etc.
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome STSS is a rare, but serious bacterial infection. STSS can develop very quickly into low blood pressure, multiple organ failure, and even death. Good wound care, hand hygiene, and cough etiquette are important for preventing this serious and often deadly disease. Experts do not know how the bacteria get into the body for nearly half of people with STSS.
Sometimes the bacteria get into the body through openings in the skin, like an injury or surgical wound. The bacteria can also get into the body through mucus membranes, like the skin inside the nose and throat.
It is very rare for someone with STSS to spread the infection to other people. Learn about other group A strep infections.
After the first symptoms start, it usually only takes about 24 to 48 hours for low blood pressure to develop. Once this happens, STSS quickly gets much more serious:. Seek medical attention immediately if you have signs or symptoms of STSS. Anyone can get STSS, but there are some factors that can increase your risk of getting this infection. These gram-positive Overview of Gram-Positive Bacteria Gram-positive bacteria are classified by the color they turn after a chemical called Gram stain is applied to them.
Gram-positive bacteria stain blue when this stain is applied to them. They are among the earliest known life forms on earth. There are thousands of different kinds of bacteria, and they live in every conceivable Different groups of these bacteria are spread in different ways—for example, through coughing or sneezing, through contact with infected wounds or sores, or during vaginal delivery from mother to child.
These infections affect various areas of the body, including the throat, middle ear, sinuses, lungs, skin, tissue under the skin, heart valves, and bloodstream. Symptoms may include red and painful swollen tissues, scabby sores, sore strep throat, and a rash, depending on the area affected. Doctors may be able to diagnose the infection based on symptoms and can confirm the diagnosis by identifying the bacteria in a sample of infected tissue, sometimes supplemented with imaging tests.
See also Overview of Bacteria Overview of Bacteria Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms. Many species of streptococci live harmlessly in and on the body. Some species that can cause infection are also present in some healthy people but cause no symptoms.
These people are called carriers. Streptococci are divided into groups based on their appearance when grown in the laboratory and on their different chemical components. Each group tends to produce specific infections. Groups that are most likely to cause diseases in people include. Group D enterococcus Enterococcal Infections Enterococcal infections are caused by a group of gram-positive bacteria called enterococci, which normally reside in the intestine of healthy people but sometimes cause infection.
See also One species— Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococci —is usually considered separately see Pneumococcal Infections Pneumococcal Infections Pneumococcal infections are caused by the gram-positive, sphere-shaped coccal bacteria see figure How Bacteria Shape Up Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococci.
These bacteria commonly cause Inhalation of droplets of secretions from the nose or throat that are dispersed when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Usually, the bacteria are not spread through casual contact, but they may spread in crowded environments such as dormitories, schools, and military barracks.
After 24 hours of antibiotic treatment, people no longer can spread the bacteria to others. Group B streptococci can be spread to newborns through vaginal secretions during vaginal delivery. Viridans streptococci inhabit the mouth of healthy people but can invade the bloodstream, especially in people with periodontal inflammation, and infect heart valves causing endocarditis Infective Endocarditis Infective endocarditis is an infection of the lining of the heart endocardium and usually also of the heart valves.
Infective endocarditis occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream and travel Cellulitis Cellulitis Cellulitis is a spreading bacterial infection of the skin and the tissues immediately beneath the skin. This infection is most often caused by streptococci or staphylococci. Redness, pain, and Impetigo Impetigo and Ecthyma Impetigo is a superficial skin infection, caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or both, that leads to the formation of scabby, yellow-crusted sores and, sometimes, small Necrotizing fasciitis Necrotizing Skin Infections Necrotizing skin infections, including necrotizing cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis, are severe forms of cellulitis characterized by death of infected skin and tissues necrosis.
The infected People have sudden chills, fever, and severe pain and tenderness in the affected area. The skin may appear normal until infection is severe. Throat infections are usually caused by a virus but may be caused by bacteria such as streptococcal bacteria Streptococcal infections are any type of infection caused by the group of bacteria Streptococcus. Discover more about the basic shape and structure of different bacteria through this balloon modelling activity.
Antibiotic resistance is when bacteria develop the ability to survive exposure to antibiotics designed to kill them or stop their growth. Salmonella are a group of bacteria that cause a wide spectrum of diseases. They are able to cause significant morbidity, and in some case, mortality, in both humans and animals.
Tuberculosis is a disease caused by a bacterium that mainly affects the lungs to cause a persistent and, occasionally bloody, cough. Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites and can spread between individuals. Staphylococcal infections are a group of infections caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus.
Infection causes a range of symptoms, from skin conditions to food poisoning.
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