Other causes include: Narrowing of the urethra stricture. Medicines, such as antihistamines and decongestants. Nerve conditions, such as diabetes or multiple sclerosis. You can have one or more types of incontinence. Each type may have a different cause. Symptoms Your symptoms depend on the type of urinary incontinence you have.
Symptoms of urge incontinence may include: A sudden, urgent need to urinate. Sudden leakage of a large amount of urine.
The need to urinate frequently, often at night. Symptoms of overflow incontinence may include: A urine stream that starts and stops when you urinate. Leakage of a small amount of urine.
A weak urine stream. A need to strain while urinating and a sense that the bladder is not empty. An urgent need to urinate, often at night. Leaking urine while asleep. What Happens Urinary incontinence is often related to prostate problems. Stress incontinence happens when the muscle sphincter surrounding the urethra opens at the wrong time.
This can be when you laugh, sneeze, cough, lift something, or change posture. Urge incontinence happens when bladder contractions are too strong to be stopped by the sphincter. Often the urge is a response to something that makes you expect to urinate. It can happen when you wait to use a toilet, unlock the door when you come home, or even turn on a faucet. But not everyone with overactive bladder leaks urine.
For more information, see the topic Overactive Bladder. Overflow incontinence usually is caused by blockage of the urethra from BPH or prostate cancer. It also happens when the bladder muscles contract weakly or don't contract when they should. Functional incontinence can happen when there are physical or mental limitations that restrict a man's ability to reach the toilet in time. What Increases Your Risk Many things have been linked to an increased risk of urinary incontinence in men.
Physical conditions or lifestyle Age-related changes, including decreased bladder capacity and physical frailty Smoking tobacco Injury to the bladder or urethra, such as from radiation therapy or prostate surgery Bladder infection or prostatitis Obesity Structural abnormalities of the urinary tract Medicines and foods Caffeinated and carbonated drinks, such as coffee, tea, and soda pop Alcohol Prescription medicines that increase urine production, such as diuretics, or relax the bladder, such as anticholinergics and antidepressants Other prescription medicines, such as sedatives, opioids, and calcium channel blockers Nonprescription medicines, such as diet, allergy, and cold medicines Diseases and health conditions Neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, diabetes, spinal injury, and multiple sclerosis Bladder cancer Chronic bronchitis Interstitial cystitis Anxiety and depression.
When should you call your doctor? See your doctor right away if your urinary incontinence does not go away or you also have: Weakness or numbness in your buttocks, legs, and feet. Fever, chills, and belly or flank pain. Blood in your urine or burning with urination. A change in your bowel habits.
Call your doctor if: Your incontinence gets worse. Leaking urine is enough of a problem that you need to wear a pad to absorb it. Incontinence interferes with your life in any way. Exams and Tests To learn the cause of your urinary incontinence, your doctor will first review your medical history and give you a physical exam.
Incontinence testing Tests that may be done to find the type and cause of your urinary incontinence include: Urinalysis and urine culture. These tests show whether you have a urinary tract infection UTI or prostatitis , or blood or sugar in your urine. Cough test. It checks for urine leakage while you cough.
Urodynamic tests , which may include: Uroflowmetry. This test measures your rate of urine flow. A low peak flow rate can be a sign of a blockage or a weak bladder.
Pressure flow studies. This testing measures pressure changes in the bladder as the flow changes. It is often used when the cause of a man's symptoms is uncertain. It can help show if the cause may be a blockage or a problem with the bladder muscles or nerves. Post-void residual volume. This test measures the amount of urine left after you empty your bladder.
Cystometrogram CMG. This test measures how well your bladder can store and release urine. Electromyogram EMG. This test records the electrical activity of muscles. Other tests You may need more tests if: The first treatment for incontinence has failed.
You have had previous prostate surgery, radiation therapy, or frequent urinary tract infections. A catheter cannot be easily placed into your bladder. Treatment Overview The treatment you and your doctor choose depends on your type of urinary incontinence and how bad your symptoms are.
Behavioral strategies may be enough to control your symptoms. See Home Treatment for more information. Medicines that treat infection or bladder muscle spasm may help.
Self-catheterization may help you manage overflow incontinence from a weak bladder or blockage. It may also be used if surgery is not the best option for you. When you need to drain your bladder, you insert a thin, hollow tube through your urethra into the bladder. Surgery is usually considered when it is the only treatment that can cure the incontinence, such as when the condition is caused by a bladder blockage.
What to think about Exercise is important for your physical and emotional health. Prevention You may reduce your chances of developing urinary incontinence by: Limiting caffeine and alcohol. Getting to and staying at a healthy weight. Quitting smoking. Avoiding constipation by eating a healthy, high-fiber diet. Doing Kegel exercises to strengthen the muscles that control the flow of urine. Home Treatment You can use behavioral strategies to help control urinary incontinence.
Diet and lifestyle strategies Reduce or stop drinking caffeinated and carbonated drinks, such as coffee, tea, and soda pop. Limit alcohol to no more than 1 drink a day. Eat less of any food that might irritate your bladder. Then look for changes in your bladder habits. Such foods include citrus fruit, chocolate, tomatoes, vinegars, spicy foods, dairy products, and aspartame.
If you smoke, quit. Avoid constipation: Include fruits, vegetables, beans, and whole grains in your diet each day. These foods are high in fiber. Drink enough fluids. Don't avoid drinking fluid because you are worried about leaking urine.
Get some exercise every day. It's fine to be active in blocks of 10 minutes or more throughout your day and week. Take a fiber supplement with psyllium such as Metamucil or methylcellulose such as Citrucel each day.
Read and follow all instructions on the label. Schedule time each day for a bowel movement. Having a daily routine may help. Take your time and don't strain. If you are overweight, try to lose some weight.
Be more active, and make small, healthy changes to what and how much you eat. You will notice good results over time. Try pelvic floor Kegel exercises to strengthen your pelvic muscles. Urinary habits Try one or more of these tips. They may help you gain some control over your symptoms: Set a schedule for urinating every 2 to 4 hours. Go whether or not you feel the need. Practice "double voiding. If you have trouble reaching the bathroom before you urinate, consider making a clearer, quicker path to the bathroom.
Wear clothes that are easy to take off such as those with elastic waistbands or Velcro closures. Or keep a urinal close to your bed or chair. Medications Medicine can help with some types of urinary incontinence. Medicine choices For overflow incontinence : If incontinence is caused by an enlarged prostate, medicines to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia may be prescribed. But these medicines don't always improve incontinence.
For urge incontinence : Anticholinergic and antispasmodic medicines, such as oxybutynin and tolterodine, calm the nerves that control bladder muscles and increase bladder capacity. Alpha-blocker medicines, such as alfuzosin and tamsulosin, relax the muscles in the prostate and bladder. The antidepressant medicine duloxetine may help with bladder control. Botox botulinum toxin may be an option when other medicines don't work.
A Botox shot helps relax the bladder muscles. For stress incontinence : The antidepressant medicine duloxetine may help with bladder control. What to think about Some medicines that are used to treat incontinence may actually make it worse in men whose incontinence is caused by an enlarged prostate gland benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH. Surgery Surgery may be an option for men who: Have ongoing chronic incontinence. Have severe symptoms and total incontinence. Are extremely bothered by their symptoms.
Have problems with urinary retention. Have moderate to severe blood in the urine hematuria that keeps coming back. James Wright, M. If you have this type, activities that raise the pressure inside your abdomen cause urine to leak through the ring of muscle in your bladder that normally holds it in.
Coughing, sneezing, jumping and lifting heavy objects could lead to a leak. Going through childbirth, smoking or being overweight can raise the risk of stress incontinence for women, Wright says. Your bladder may suddenly empty itself without warning.
Or you may feel like you need to urinate frequently, a problem called overactive bladder. Some diseases that affect the nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis or stroke, can cause this kind of incontinence, says Wright.
In men, an enlarged prostate may be the culprit. Consider keeping a diary of when you urinate and when you have leaks, recommends Wright. McGraw Hill; Female urinary incontinence and voiding dysfunction adult. Mayo Clinic. Male urinary incontinence. McAninch JW, et al. Definitions and facts for bladder control problems urinary incontinence.
Lucacz ES. Treatment of incontinence in females. Frawley J, et al. Complementary and conventional health-care utilization among young Australian women with urinary incontinence.
Liu B, et al. Electroacupuncture versus pelvic floor muscle training plus solifenacin for women with mixed urinary incontinence: A randomized noninferiority trial.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Wieland LS, et al. Yoga for treating urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
Berlowitz D. Prevention of pressure-induced skin and soft tissue injury. What is urinary incontinence? Urology Care Foundation. Ziegelmann MJ, et al.
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